Client Centered, Person Centered or Humanistic Counseling is a style of therapy that emphasizes the therapist's role in being empathetic, open, honest, and caring as the therapist listens in depth and facilitates the growth of an individual. Rooted in the concept that when a client feels accepted and understood during the hardest of times, through this acceptance, healing can occur. The therapist is genuine in hearing the depth of emotional pain and respectful of the individual's ability to find their own answers. The client leads the process with subtle guidance from the therapist. Through the therapeutic relationship in which the therapist creates an empathetic and non-judgemental environment, clients can gain insight and create lasting changes. The client is driving the process, while the therapist is there to help navigate and provide skills and techniques that the client can utilize. This type of therapy can result in boosted self-confidence, self-acceptance, and self-discovery.
(Rogers 3-4)
Therapeutic Modalities
“Dialectical” means combining opposite ideas. DBT focuses on helping people accept the reality of their lives and their behaviors, as well as helping them learn to change their lives, including their unhelpful behaviors. The main goal of therapists who use DBT is to strike a balance between validation and acceptance of who you are, identify challenges, and highlight the benefits of change. You will learn new skills to improve emotional regulation, incorporate mindfulness techniques, learn distress tolerance and interpersonal (how you relate to others) effectiveness.
CBT is a solution focused approach to therapy that is designed to reduce symptoms and boost well being. This style of therapy includes a cognitive component (thinking, reasoning, remembering) which focuses on changing problematic patterns of thinking and a behavioral component, which helps develop actions that serve us well. This style of therapy allows us to see how our THOUGHTS, BEHAVIORS & FEELINGS are all linked.
(Gillihan 2-4)
Art Therapy is the marriage of two disciplines: art and psychology. Aspects of the visual arts, the creative process, human development, behavior, personality, and mental health are important to the definition and scope of art therapy. When using art in a session the focus is on your inner experience - your feelings, perceptions, and imagination. While art therapy may involve learning skills or art techniques, the emphasis is generally first on developing and expressing images that come from inside the person… There is healing power in the process of art making in itself. Art making is healing, cathartic, expressive, fulfilling, transformative and symbolic. The art image then becomes significant in enhancing verbal exchange between the client and the therapist and in achieving insight. Art therapy is not about the therapist analyzing one's art, but more so about helping the client to come up with his or her own interpretation. Art Therapy is a modality with special qualities, it allows room for visual thinking, expressing what words cannot, emotional release, creating a product, enhancing life, and can be used across all ages, ethnicities and genders.
(Malchiodi 4-6)
EMDR Therapy uses eye movements and or bilateral stimulation (tapping) paired with feelings and cognitions to reprocess traumatic responses in the body and mind from past events. This style of therapy can assist in lessening disturbing memories, negative images, negative beliefs and emotions. “The targeted memory appears to become linked to more appropriate information: The client learns what is necessary and useful from the disturbing past experience, and the event is restored into memory in an adaptive, healthy, nondistressing form… EMDR Therapy is used to 1) help the client learn from negative experiences of the past, 2) desensitize present triggers that are inappropriately distressing, and 3) incorporate templates for appropriate future action that allow the client to excel individually and within their interpersonal system.”
(Shapiro 2-3)
Carl Jung was a student of Frued, the father of modern day psychology. Jung went out on his own to explore theories in which he felt a deep calling. Concepts where Jung devoted his studies are the personal and collective unconscious, archetypes, the shadow, individuation and active imagination to name a few. This style incorporates dreamwork, symbolism, art, free association and other methods to uncover parts of the unconscious. It can allow depth, value and meaning from life to surface. Incorporated in Jungian Therapy is work with the shadow. Shadow work can be freeing when the client is able to sit with the hard repressed feelings and emotions that can lie dormant. “One does not become enlightened by imagining figures of light, but by making the darkness conscious.” - Carl Gustav Jung
Spiritual therapy can help you tap into your spirituality and reconnect with your higher self, helping to improve your mental and emotional wellbeing. Incorporating your spiritual beliefs into your therapeutic healing can assist in accessing your highest-self allowing for understanding about what gives your life meaning and purpose. Taking time to set intentions, explore spiritual practices, and discover connections can all be helpful as you journey inward, toward discovering your true spiritual nature. Spiritual therapy can be a powerful tool to find a deeper meaning of why life is unfolding as it is.
Existentialism is an approach to therapy which focuses on concerns rooted in the individuals existence and meaning of life. When people come to crossroads in life or time of great change there is often a greater question being pushed to the surface; What is the meaning of this? What is the meaning of life? Deep personal reflection on concerns such as death, freedom, isolation and meaning can take time, insight, silence and distance from everyday distractions. Incorporating existential approaches in therapy can assist in moving through life with a sense of curiosity and meaning and leaving behind the anxieties that many hard life questions can induce. In therapy you will work on focusing on what your role is in your life, becoming the author and creator of the reality of which you want to exist.
Reiki is a spiritual healing art with its roots in Japanese origin. The word Reiki comes from the Japanese word (Rei) which means “Universal Life” and (Ki) which means “Energy”. Reiki is not affiliated with any particular religion or religious practice. It is not massage nor is it based on belief or suggestion. It is a subtle and effective form of energy work using spiritually guided life force energy. A Reiki session can help ease tension and stress and can help support the body to facilitate an environment for healing on all levels – physical, mental, and emotional. A session is pleasant and relaxing and is often utilized for one’s personal wellness. Reiki is a great tool for stress reduction and relaxation. Many people use Reiki for wellness. Reiki is not a cure for a disease or illness, but it may assist the body in creating an environment to facilitate healing. Reiki is a great tool to use as a complement to traditional medicine and is practiced in many hospitals and medical care settings.
(iarp.org)
Mindfulness is the basic human ability to be fully present, aware of where we are and what we are doing, and not overly reactive or overwhelmed by what's going on around us. Mindfulness is a quality that every human being already possesses, it's not something you have to conjure up, you just have to learn how to access it. When we’re mindful, we reduce stress, enhance performance, gain insight and awareness through observing our own mind, and increase our attention to others’ well-being. Mindfulness is more than just a practice. It brings awareness and caring into everything we do—and it cuts down needless stress. Even a little helps a lot. Mindfulness meditative practices can be incorporated in many areas of life, not just the traditional seated meditation pose.
First off, it is important to note that oracle and tarot, when used in therapy sessions, are not used as fortune telling or predictive tool. These types of cards are used in a therapeutic manner to access the many different archetypes that individuals experience throughout their many phases and changes in life. Jungian psychology and depth psychology use symbolism of objects to access depths of the psyche that may not be easily accessed with talk therapy alone. Much like incorporating the use of art into sessions, tarot/oracle cards can offer a deeper look into what a client may project outwards. Card work can offer alternative means to look at many different areas and or scenarios in one's life; solutions, patterns, strategies, identifying habits, gaining clarity, encouraging out of the box thinking and assisting in setting life goals and intentions. “When necessary, a spread of tarot cards can be like a tapestry onto which we project our inner life safely, without harming ourselves or others. Because projection is a natural and healthy function of the human imagination, this is one way to harness its power and use it for good. The externalization of internal experience onto a physical object like a card creates some distance that gives us room to breathe, shifts how we relate to ourselves and offers a new vantage point to look from. The cards allow us to safely see and understand the less palatable aspects of ourselves.”
(Dore 4)
Brennan, Barbara Ann. Hands of Light: A Guide to Healing Through the Human Energy Field, Bantam Books, New York, NY, 1987.
Dore, Jessica. Tarot for Change: Using the Cards for Self-Care, Acceptance, and Growth, Viking, 2021.
Gillihan, Ph. D., Seth. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Made Simple, Seth Gillihan, 2018.
Guzman, ATR-BC, Leah. The Art of Healing and Manifesting: Creative Exercises for Living in Abundance, Leah Guzman, 2022.
Malchiodi, MA, ATR, LPAT, LPCC, Cathy. The Art Therapy Sourcebook. Lowell House, 1998, Lincolnwood, IL.
Papadopoulos, Reno K. The Handbook of Jungian Psychology, Routledge, 2006, New York, NY.
Pederson, Lane. The Expanded Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training Manual: DBT for Self-Help, and Individual & Group Treatment Settings, PESI Publishing & Media, Eau Claire, WI, 2017.
Robertson, Robin. The Shadow's Gift: Find Out Who You Really Are, Nicolas-Hays, 2011, Lake Worth, FL.
Rogers, Natalie. The Creative Connection: Expressive Arts as Healing, Science & Behavior Books, 1993.
Rosengarten, Ph.D. Arthur. Tarot and Psychology: Spectrums and Possibilities, Paragon House, 2000, St. Paul, MN.
Shapiro, Francine. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures, The Guilford Press, 2018, New York, NY.
Singer, June. Boundaries of the Soul: The Practice of Jung's Psychology, Doubleday, 1994, New York, NY.
Sommerville, Carole. Tarot as a Tool for Therapy: Tarot in Therapy and Healing, Carole
Sommerville, 2020.
Stein, Diane. Essential Reiki Teaching Manual: A Companion Guide for Reiki Healers, Crossing Press, 2007, New York, NY.
Wadeson, Harriet. Art Psychotherapy, John Wiley & Sons, 1980.
Yalom, Irvin D. Existential Psychotherapy, Yalom Family Trust, 1980.